USDT is a token issued by Tether Limited, based on the stable value currency US Dollar (USD), known as Tether USD (hereafter referred to as USDT). The ratio stands at 1 USDT = 1 USD, and users can exchange USDT for USD on a 1:1 basis at any time. Tether Limited strictly adheres to a 1:1 reserve guarantee, meaning for every USDT token issued, there is $1 in their bank account backing it.
Users can verify funds on the Tether platform to ensure transparency. Users can wire USD via SWIFT to the bank accounts provided by Tether Limited or exchange for USDT through exchanges. To redeem USD, the process is reversed. Users can also trade Bitcoin for USDT on exchanges.
Overview of USDT
The issuance and trading of USDT utilize the Omni protocol (formerly Mastercoin), which is a 2.0 cryptocurrency built on the Bitcoin blockchain. The confirmation times and other parameters for USDT transactions are consistent with those of Bitcoin. Users can wire USD via SWIFT to the bank accounts provided by Tether Limited or exchange for USDT through exchanges. To redeem USD, the process is reversed. Users can also trade Bitcoin for USDT on exchanges.
Tether Limited strictly adheres to a 1:1 reserve guarantee, meaning for every USDT token issued, there is $1 in their bank account backing it. Users can verify funds on the Tether platform to ensure transparency.
USDT is not a new cryptocurrency; it has been traded since 2015. However, due to its late introduction on domestic exchanges, many investors are not very familiar with it. After crypto-to-crypto trading, many investors were concerned about how to convert their tokens into fiat currencies, and USDT provides a channel for converting held tokens into fiat.
USDT Architecture
The layers are described as follows:
Bitcoin Blockchain Layer: This primarily implements the distributed ledger functionality for Tether. Tether transaction information is stored in the Bitcoin distributed ledger through OP_RETURN.
Omni Protocol Layer: The main functions include:
- Creation and destruction of USDT
- Providing OmniApi
- Tracking circulation of Tether and providing blockchain explorer functionality through http://omnichest.info
- Supporting user transactions and storage of Tether (USDT)
Tether Business Layer: The primary functions include:
- Fiat currency exchange for Tether (USDT)
- Tether (USDT) exchange for fiat currency
- Regulation of circulating Tether (USDT)
Features of USDT
Intuitive: USDT is equivalent to USD, with 1 USDT = 1 USD. The value of each cryptocurrency in terms of USDT essentially represents its price in dollars.
Stable: Since Tether is backed by fiat currency, users can trade on the blockchain asset market without being affected by the price fluctuations of most blockchain assets.
Transparent: Tether claims that its fiat reserves are audited regularly to ensure that every Tether token in circulation is backed by one dollar. The status of the reserves is public and can be verified at any time. Additionally, all Tether transactions are recorded on the public blockchain.
Low Transaction Fees: There are no fees for transactions between Tether accounts or wallets holding Tether. When converting Tether to fiat currency, transaction service fees apply.
Purposes of USDT
1. Avoid Overall Market Decline Risk
In crypto-to-crypto trading, three common scenarios occur, using LTC/BTC as an example:
- After buying LTC with BTC, if both BTC and LTC rise, you enjoy double profits.
- After buying LTC with BTC, if one rises and the other falls, your profit depends on which has a greater fluctuation. If the gain is greater than the loss, you make a profit. Otherwise, you incur a loss. Equal gains and losses result in a break-even situation.
- After buying LTC with BTC, if both coins decline significantly, you bear double losses, which can be distressing.
With USDT, when prices fall, you can immediately convert your coins into USDT to prevent your assets from depreciating.
2. Reverse Operations and Cryptocurrency Withdrawals
Depositing USDT is straightforward; Tether Limited states that investors can wire USD via SWIFT to the companys bank accounts or exchange for USDT through the Bitfinex exchange.
If you wish to withdraw substantial profits, you can first exchange your coins for USDT, then convert them back into USD through Tether Limited or other platforms. You will notice that if you complete verification with Tether Limited, you can directly trade on other non-KYC platforms without additional verification.
However, the withdrawal process is not always simple. You can return USDT to Tether Limited, who will destroy the received USDT and issue the equivalent amount of USD to the user. It should be noted that whether wiring USD to Tether Limited’s bank accounts to purchase USDT or exchanging USDT back to USD, account verification is required. Tether’s Know Your Customer (KYC) process is reportedly difficult to pass, and the exchange fee is approximately 5%.
Alternatively, you can exchange USDT for USD through exchanges like Kraken. On the Kraken platform, select the USDT/USD trading pair to convert USDT into USD.
Risks Associated with USDT
In the whitepaper "Tether: A Fiat Currency Token Leveraging the Bitcoin Blockchain," Tether Limited addresses risks associated with USDT:
Tether is a decentralized digital currency, but we are not a perfectly decentralized company, as we hold all the assets as centralized custodians.
- The company may go bankrupt.
- Banks where the company holds accounts may go bankrupt.
- Banks may freeze funds.
- The company may abscond with funds.
- Re-centralization risks could paralyze the entire system.
Given that USDT is issued by Tether Limited and carries inherent centralization risks, investors need to exercise caution and carefully evaluate these risks.
Media Evaluation
Tether (USDT) has become the most popular stablecoin in recent years, with a market share close to $3 billion, far surpassing competitors such as USDC, Gemini Dollars, and JPM Coin. USDT is used as a substitute for the US dollar on cryptocurrency trading platforms, eliminating the need for conversion into fiat. Approximately 80% of all Bitcoin trades and money laundering activities involve Tether, which is unsurprising given the nature of most cryptocurrency transactions.
Tether is among the top five cryptocurrency companies by cash flow, generating a 3-5% profit from the $2 billion provided by global users, with minimal operational costs. This so-called “stablecoin” with a 1:1 exchange ratio to the US dollar does not factor in the additional profit they derive from these operations.