Vite has built the worlds first smart contract platform based on a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), utilizing a snapshot chain structure that enables zero-fee transactions while optimizing transfer speed, reliability, and security. Vite’s snapshot chains leverage Hierarchical Delegated Proof of Stake ("HDPoS") for network consensus.
Current Vite products include a truly trustless Decentralized Exchange (DEX) called ViteX, a super app (Vite App), and a payment solution (VitePay) based on the Vite platform.
Vite’s next goal is ViteBridge, a universal cross-chain solution allowing decentralized asset transfers between any two chains.
Project Highlights
High Throughput. Vite uses a DAG ledger structure where orthogonal transactions can be written in parallel; in the HDPoS consensus algorithm, multiple delegator consensus groups operate independently, working in parallel; most importantly, inter-contract communication is based on an asynchronous message model. These features contribute to higher system throughput.
Low Latency. Vite employs the HDPoS consensus algorithm, which, through delegate nodes, collaboratively rotates block production without requiring proof-of-work (PoW) calculations, reducing block intervals to one second, thus lowering transaction confirmation latency.
Scalability. To meet scalability requirements, Vite imposes single-degree freedom restrictions on transactions, grouping ledger transactions by account, allowing different nodes to produce blocks for different accounts. It also removes ACID semantics for cross-contract calls, adopting BASE semantics based on messages. This means nodes no longer need to store the entire world state, with data being sharded across the distributed network.
Economical. Due to Vites quota-based resource allocation model, infrequent lightweight users do not need to pay high fees or gas costs. Users can choose various methods to acquire computing resources and can lease excess quotas to other users through quota leasing agreements, improving overall system resource utilization efficiency.
User-Friendly. Vite’s user-friendliness improvements include: standard library support in Solidity++, syntax dedicated to handling messages, contract scheduling, VNS naming service, and contract upgrade support.
Value Cycle. Vite supports digital asset issuance, cross-chain value transmission, and token swaps based on the Loopring protocol, forming a complete value ecosystem. From the users perspective, Vite functions as a fully-featured decentralized exchange.
Innovations
First, we have asynchronously split smart contract calls. Nano divides a transfer into debit and credit actions. We took inspiration from Nano (which does not support smart contracts) and extended it to smart contract calls. In Vite, a transfer transaction is split into debit and credit, and a contract call transaction is divided into a request and response transaction.
Second, there is an asynchronous design for writing and confirming transactions. In Vite, writing a transaction to the ledger and its confirmation are asynchronous processes. In traditional blockchains (like Bitcoin), the speed of writing transactions to the ledger is constrained by the block creation rate. In Vite, users can write many transactions within their quota limit to the ledger and then confirm them at a steady, asynchronous pace. This evens out load peaks and troughs, maximizing resource utilization and increasing system throughput. Transactions between two accounts do not block each other, avoiding scenarios where a large number of transactions from one account delays confirmation of transactions from other accounts.
Third, we have asynchronously designed inter-contract calls. In Ethereum, inter-contract calls are made via message calls or internal transactions, completing all calls atomically (ACID semantics). This can become a performance bottleneck. We adopted a message-driven architecture inspired by mature solutions from centralized internet technologies. Contracts do not share any state but communicate solely by sending messages to each other.
Related Links:
https://www.qukuaiwang.com.cn/szhb/2989.html###
*The above content was officially compiled by Non-Small Number. If you wish to reproduce this content, please cite the source.
